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1.
Rev. pesqui. cuid. fundam. (Online) ; 10(3, n. esp): 44-48, jun. 2018. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-905329

ABSTRACT

Espera-se, a partir da elaboração desse instrumento, a validação acadêmica para que seja submetido a um processo de avaliação crítica a fim de garantir a sua viabilidade e a construção de novos instrumentos avaliativos ao tocante tema, que sejam direcionados aos gestores e aos usuários, sabendo que, para analisar a qualidade das ações na APS, é necessário criar mecanismos que contemplem a tríade gestor-profissional-usuário


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , HIV Seropositivity/economics , HIV Seropositivity/nursing , Politics , HIV , Primary Health Care/trends
2.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 22(1): 23-30, jan. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-839894

ABSTRACT

Resumo O aconselhamento pré e pós-teste HIV tem importância singular na adolescência. Objetivamos conhecer a percepção de jovens com Aids diagnosticada na adolescência, sobre o aconselhamento recebido na ocasião do teste. Realizamos 39 entrevistas em profundidade, 23 em pacientes do sexo feminino e 16 do masculino e analisamos os dados com leitura exaustiva, categorização e interpretação de base compreensiva. Os resultados revelaram que menos de um terço recebeu aconselhamento pré-teste (30,8%) que amiúde se resumiu na explicação do motivo do exame e 51,2% foi aconselhado no pós-teste. Verificamos que a maioria estava desacompanhada na comunicação da soropositividade e parte deles tomou ciência pelo responsável posteriormente. Alguns interlocutores sentiram-se seguros após o aconselhamento, percebendo a doença como algo que não mudaria suas vidas, desde que seguissem adequadamente as orientações. Por outro lado, atitudes de desespero e desejo de morte manifestadas por alguns podem ter sido infuenciadas pela falta de aconselhamento satisfatório. Concluímos que há necessidade de aperfeiçoamento comunicacional dos profissionais de saúde, principalmente os que atuam na atenção primária, nos serviços de pré-natal, ginecologistas e estratégia de saúde da família.


Abstract Pre- and post-HIV test counseling has singular importance in adolescence, since it is a phase of great changes, and AIDS is an incurable chronic disease. In order to comprehend the perception of young people with AIDS diagnosed in adolescence regarding the counseling received upon testing, we conducted 39 in-depth interviews, with 23 in female patients and 16 male patients, and then analyzed the data with extensive reading, categorization and interpretation on a comprehensive basis. The results revealed that less than one third received pre-test counseling (30.8%), which often was limited to the explanation of the reason of the test, and 51.2% were counseled post-test. We found that most patients were unaccompanied when receiving the communication of their seropositivity, some of which were later informed by the adolescent's guardian. Some patients felt secure after counseling, realizing that the disease is something that would not change their lives, if they properly followed the guidelines. On the other hand, the feelings of desperation and suicide expressed by some of the patients may have been influenced by the lack of adequate counseling. We have concluded that, for the improved management of the epidemic, there is a need to enhance the communications of health professionals, especially those that are in primary care, pre-natal services, gynecology and family health strategy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Communication , Counseling/methods , Social Support , HIV Infections/psychology , Interviews as Topic , HIV Seropositivity/psychology , Counseling/standards , Suicidal Ideation
3.
Psicol. Estud. (Online) ; 21(3): 399-409, jul.-set. 2016.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1100387

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho objetiva aprofundar o entendimento sobre os impactos subjetivos do diagnóstico de soropositividade para HIV/Aids, tanto para o sujeito, ao se descobrir portador do vírus,quanto para o seu parceiro. Participou desta pesquisa um casal homossexual masculino, que mantinha relacionamento afetivo-sexual consensualmente aberto e não preventivo, que descobriu que um de seus membros tinha HIV/Aids. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram a entrevista semidirigida, a observação participante e o diário de campo. O discurso do casal foi compreendido a partir da analítica descritiva, na perspectiva foucaultiana. Os resultados evidenciaram que o diagnóstico de infecção pelo HIV foi um momento doloroso, de agonia e profunda tristeza, mas que, por outro lado, permitiu a ressignificação e construção de um novo estilo de vida. Procurou-se pensar o HIV/Aids para além de uma doença do corpo, mas como uma prática discursiva produtora de subjetividade, entrelaçada às relações sociais e atravessamentos históricos e culturais.


This paper aims to get further on understanding subjective impact on an individual and his partner when diagnosed HIV positive. Participants were a male homosexual couple who was dealing with the discovery of HIV/AIDS in one of the subjects in that relationship. They have kept a love and sexual relationship which was consensually an opened one (by means of sexual encounters) and without any use of sexual protection. Instruments used to collect data were semi-directed interviews, participant observation and field diary. Couple ́s discourse was understood using a descriptive-analytic approach in a Foucauldian perspective. Results pointed out a painful, full of agony and deep sadness moment when HIV diagnose came out, and nevertheless it allowed a construction of a new life style. We consider HIV/AIDS to be much more than a disease of the body; we also take it as a discursive practice producing subjectivity related to social relations as much as historical and cultural crossovers.


Este estudio tiene como objetivo profundizar en la comprensión del impacto subjetivo del diagnóstico de seropositividad para VIH/SIDA, tanto para el sujeto que se descubre portador del virus cuanto para su pareja amorosa. Los participantes fueran una pareja homosexual masculina que mantuvo relación afectivo-sexual consensuada abierta y no preventiva y descubrió que uno de los miembros tenía el VIH/SIDA. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recolección de datos fueron entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación participante y el diario de campo. El discurso de la pareja se analizó desde el punto de vista analítico descriptivo en la perspectiva de Foucault. Los resultados mostraron que el diagnóstico de la infección por el VIH fue un momento doloroso, de agonía y tristeza profunda, pero, por otro lado, permitió la construcción de un nuevo estilo de vida. Buscamos pensar el síndrome del VIH/SIDA más allá de una enfermedad del cuerpo, sino como una práctica discursiva que produce subjetividad, entrelazada a las relaciones sociales y los cambios históricos y culturales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Homosexuality/psychology , HIV , Unsafe Sex/prevention & control , Pain/psychology , Palliative Care/psychology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/psychology , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Sexuality/psychology , Death , Emotions , Guilt , Neoplasms/diagnosis
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 111(2): 134-140, Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: lil-772614

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to standardise an in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) to allow quantification of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in serum or plasma samples, and to compare this method with two commercial assays, the Cobas Amplicor HBV monitor and the Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HBV test. Samples from 397 patients from the state of São Paulo were analysed by all three methods. Fifty-two samples were from patients who were human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus positive, but HBV negative. Genotypes were characterised, and the viral load was measure in each sample. The in-house rtPCR showed an excellent success rate compared with commercial tests; inter-assay and intra-assay coefficients correlated with commercial tests (r = 0.96 and r = 0.913, p < 0.001) and the in-house test showed no genotype-dependent differences in detection and quantification rates. The in-house assay tested in this study could be used for screening and quantifying HBV DNA in order to monitor patients during therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Genotyping Techniques/standards , Hepatitis B virus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis B, Chronic/diagnosis , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards , DNA Primers/standards , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Genotype , HIV Seropositivity/blood , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Hepatitis B virus/genetics , Hepatitis B, Chronic/blood , Hepatitis C/blood , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Inventions/standards , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/instrumentation , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Viral Load
5.
Physis (Rio J.) ; 25(3): 951-973, jul.-set. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-764167

ABSTRACT

ResumoA partir de um estudo epidemiológico sobre apresentação tardia ao serviço de saúde para diagnóstico e tratamento de HIV/Aids, este artigo busca aprofundar a discussão sobre alguns aspectos envolvidos nesse processo. Buscou-se registrar narrativas de homens sobre suas trajetórias ou itinerários no processo de diagnóstico e tratamento de HIV/Aids, descrevendo os acontecimentos e atores presentes nas práticas cotidianas em que ocorrem os deslocamentos até o serviço de saúde. Foram realizadas 25 entrevistas semiestruturadas com homens com sorologia positiva para HIV, em um centro de referência para diagnóstico e tratamento em HIV/Aids, na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. Algumas dessas histórias estão presentes no decorrer deste artigo. Para além de um momento específico de apresentação tardia ao serviço de saúde, destaca-se a existência de uma série de ações/acontecimentos que se estende no tempo, ora dificultando, ora facilitando a continuidade do tratamento. Nessa direção, reconhecemos também a existência de barreiras, conflitos e tensões que ocorrem no interior das práticas do cuidado à saúde. Entretanto, essas mesmas tensões podem mobilizar formas e estratégias diversas de ação para que ocorra um acolhimento melhor e um cuidado à saúde de forma contínua e mais integral.


AbstractAs part of an epidemiologic study on late presentation (LP) to HIV/Aids health services, this study intends to analyze men´s narratives on trajectories or itineraries in seeking for HIV/Aids services and further describe the events and actors present on daily practices in which occurs the displacement of the patients to the health service. The study was conducted at the only State Reference Center for HIV/Aids in Salvador, Bahia. Twenty five semi-structured interviews with men - with positive HIV serology - were realized at the reference center. Some of those narratives are presented throughout this article. This article considers LP to health services not as an specific moment. Beyond that, it analyses the existence of a network of actions/events which prolongs the LP on time, sometimes hindering and sometimes facilitating the ongoing treatment. In this direction we also recognize the existence of barriers, conflicts and tensions in which occurs the practices of health care. Nonetheless, these same conflicts enable the creation of several actions and strategies to a better reception and a more continuous and fulfilled way of health care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Therapeutics , Health-Disease Process , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Personal Narrative , Barriers to Access of Health Services , Brazil , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Interviews as Topic , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/therapy , HIV Seropositivity/therapy , Delivery of Health Care , Qualitative Research , Men
6.
Ciênc. cuid. saúde ; 14(2): 1043-1050, 20/06/2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1121803

ABSTRACT

O estudo objetivou descrever como as mulheres diagnosticadas com HIV durante o pré-natal vivenciam o diagnóstico e a gestação. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, qualitativa, realizada em uma instituição municipal de saúde de Juazeiro do Norte, entre dezembro de 2012 e fevereiro de 2013. Participaram cinco mulheres, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. As informações foram coletadas através de entrevista semiestruturada e os dados obtidos foram analisados pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram três categorias: O pré-natal como estratégia para o rastreamento da infecção pelo HIV; Reações diante da descoberta do diagnóstico e; Apoio após a descoberta do HIV.E mostraram que o conhecimento do diagnóstico causou impacto negativo na vida das participantes, levando-as a analisar seus planos pessoais, com o apoio de familiares, amigos e/ou serviço que as acompanham. Enfim, o diagnóstico ainda encontra-se permeado de estigma e preconceito. As consultas de pré-natal tornaram-se momentos excepcionais para a atuação da enfermagem, garantindo uma assistência humanizada e integral.


The study describes how women diagnosed with HIV during the prenatal experience the diagnosis and pregnancy. It is exploratory, descriptive, qualitative research conducted in a municipal institution Juazeiro health, between December 2012 and February 2013. Participant's five women, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee. Information was collected through semi-structured interviews and data were analyzed by content analysis technique. The results showed three categories: Prenatal as a strategy for screening of HIV infection; Reactions to the discovery of diagnostic and support after the discovery of HIV. In addition, showed that knowledge of the diagnosis caused negative impact on the lives of participants, leading them to analyze their personal plans, with the support of family, friends and / or service that accompany them. Finally, the diagnosis is still permeate stigma and prejudice. The prenatal consultations have become exceptional moments for the nursing interventions, ensuring a humane and comprehensive assistance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Women , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Pregnant Women , Prejudice , Prenatal Care , Mass Screening/nursing , Women's Health , HIV , Nursing , Comprehensive Health Care , Emotions , Infections/diagnosis
7.
São Paulo; s.n; 2015. [108] p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-TESESESSP, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1083384

ABSTRACT

A epidemia de AIDS em nosso País apresenta relativa estabilidade, concentrada em populações de maior vulnerabilidade, porém informações são em geral relacionadas à fase avançada da doença. Nosso estudo procura contribuir com informações sobre casos incidentes de infeção pelo HIV-1, através de um algoritmo que favorece a identificação de casos em fase aguda da doença. Esse algoritmo, com critérios clínicos e laboratoriais, permitiu o recrutamento consecutivo de 99 pacientes em um universo de cerca de 300 casos novos incorporados ao SAE do Município de Santo André, no período de outubro de 2011 a novembro de 2014. Nesses pacientes recém diagnosticados foram analisadas características clínicas, epidemiológicas e aspectos moleculares do HIV-1. Alguns aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais foram avaliados em adicionais 154 casos incorporados nesta época, assim como algumas características do HIV-1 identificadas em teste de genotipagem no período entre 2001 e 2014, em pacientes do mesmo SAE, que permitiram contextualizar a coorte. Entre os 99 pacientes... O algoritmo proposto identificou 5 casos em 8 suspeitos de infecção aguda. A genotipagem pré-tratamento avaliou...Na coorte foi identificado ainda, por estudo clínico e epidemiológico, confirmado por associação filogenética, uma possível transmissão do HIV-1 por procedimento de manicure (Matsuda et al., 2014b).


The AIDS epidemic in our country shows a relative stability, concentrated in the most vulnerable populations, but the limited information is generally related to the advanced stage of the disease. Our study aims to contribute with information on incident cases of HIV-1 infection. In a universe of about 300 new cases incorporated into the Santo André AIDS Program from Oct/2011 to Nov/2014, 99 patients were recruited consecutively. The study evaluated patients admitted after a recent diagnostic through the usual demand for follow-up and from an active case finding, using clinical laboratory algorithm that aimed to identify patients with acute infection. Available clinical and laboratory data from 154 additional cases incorporated in the service during this period and molecular data from HIV-1 genotypic tests from patients of this service in the period of 2001-2012, allowed to contextualize the cohort findings. Among the 99 patients studied ...The proposed algorithm has identified 5/8 cases of suspected acute infection. Pretreatment genotyping, evaluated...In the cohort, we identified, based in epidemiological clinical and subsequent phylogeny a possible transmission of HIV-1 for manicure procedure (Matsuda et al., 2014b).


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV-1 , Early Diagnosis , Molecular Epidemiology/statistics & numerical data , Infections/diagnosis , Drug Resistance/genetics , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis
9.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 66(6): 887-892, nov.-dez. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-699933

ABSTRACT

A detecção da positividade para o HIV, durante o trabalho de parto, por meio dos testes rápidos, fragiliza as mulheres e gera demandas específicas de cuidados. Este estudo objetivou analisar o cuidado profissional a mulheres com teste rápido positivo para HIV a partir do olhar de mulheres que tomaram conhecimento da positividade durante o trabalho de parto ou puerpério. Trata-se de estudo do tipo exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados por meio da técnica de análise de discurso. Observou-se que as relações de cuidado às mulheres com teste rápido positivo para HIV se distanciam da integralidade, uma vez que se mantêm distantes e superficiais, sendo norteadas pelo modelo biomédico. A incorporação da perspectiva da integralidade nas ações de saúde exige reflexão por parte do(a)s profissionais, do(a)s gestore(a)s do sistema público de saúde, bem como a capacitação desse(a)s profissionais.


The positive detection during partum labor makes women weak and generates specific care demands. The aim of this research was to analyze professional care to women with positive result from fast HIV test based on the point of view of women who knew the positive result during partum labor or postpartum. This is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the discourse analysis technique. It was observed that the relations of care for women with positive rapid HIV test are far away from integrality, since they remain distant and superficial, being guided by the biomedical model. The mainstreaming of integrality in health care requires consideration by the professional, public health system managers, as well as training of those professionals.


La detección de seropositividad durante el trabajo de parto debilita las mujeres y genera demandas específicas de atención. El estudio objetivó analizar la atención profesional a las mujeres con resultado positivo para el VIH, desde la mirada de las mujeres que se enteraron de la seropositividad durante el trabajo de parto o el puerperio. El estudio es de carácter exploratorio con un abordaje cualitativo. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y analizadas con la técnica del análisis del discurso. Fue observado que las relaciones de atención a las mujeres seropositivas para el VIH se distancian de la integralidad, ya que se mantienen alejadas y superficiales, siendo guiado por el modelo biomédico. La incorporación de la perspectiva de la integralidad en las acciones de salud requiere una reflexión por parte de los profesionales, de los administradores del sistema de salud pública, además de la capacitación de estos profesionales.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , HIV Seropositivity/therapy , Patient Satisfaction , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Peripartum Period , Postpartum Period
10.
Psicol. estud ; 18(2): 211-221, abr.-jun. 2013. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-695214

ABSTRACT

Partindo da concepção de que a rede social influencia a saúde de uma pessoa e de que o seu estado de saúde influencia a manutenção de sua rede, este artigo tem como objetivo compreender como se configura a rede social de uma mulher portadora do HIV/aids, considerando os sentidos produzidos acerca do impacto do diagnóstico e dos efeitos que este exerce sobre sua vida e seus relacionamentos. As informações apresentadas neste estudo foram coletadas através de entrevista individual, desenvolvida com base em um roteiro semiestruturado dividido em dois momentos: uma conversa inicial acerca do recebimento do diagnóstico de HIV/aids e uma conversa mais específica sobre a configuração da rede social significativa, após o diagnóstico, tendo como disparador a construção de um "mapa de rede". Esta entrevista foi audiogravada e transcrita na íntegra, e sua análise foi desenvolvida com base no método de estudo de caso, tendo como fundamentação as contribuições do movimento construcionista social. Nossa análise ilustra como o entrelaçamento entre o contexto de vulnerabilidade, o impacto do diagnóstico e os discursos em torno do HIV/aids marcam a vida de uma mulher soropositiva, influenciando a construção de sua rede social. Discutimos, assim, a importância de que o trabalho em saúde inclua uma sensibilidade relacional, com ênfase na compreensão da pessoa em rede e em contexto. Desse modo, esperamos contribuir com práticas de cuidado em saúde que visem a reduzir o impacto do diagnóstico na vida e nos relacionamentos das mulheres soropositivas (FAPESP).


Following the understanding that the social network influences one's health and that one's health influences the maintenance of their social network, this article aims to compreehend the configuration of the social network of an HIV-carrier woman, considering meanings made about the diagnosis and its effects over the woman's life and relationships. The information presented in this study was collected through an individual interview, which was developed based in a semi-structured script organized in two moments: an initial conversation about the receiving of the diagnosis of HIV/aids; and a more specific conversation about the configuration of the woman's meaningful social network, which had the construction of a "network diagram" as a resource. This interview was recorded in audio and fully transcribed. The analysis of this interview was developed by the method of a case study, under the contributions of the social constructionist movement. The analysis illustrates how the context of vulnerability, the impact of the diagnosis, and the discourses surrounding HIV/aids are intertwined, impacting the life of an HIV-positive woman and influencing the construction of her social network. We discuss how important it is for healthcare work to include a relational sensibility that emphasizes an understanding of the person as a part of a network and a specific social context. Thus, we expect to contribute to healthcare practices that aim at reducing the impact of the diagnosis to the HIV-positive women lives and relationships (FAPESP).


Partiendo de la concepción de que la red social afecta la salud de una persona y que su estado de salud afecta la manutención de su red, este artículo tiene como objetivo comprender como se configura la red social de una mujer portadora de VIH/sida, considerando los sentidos producidos acerca del impacto del diagnóstico y de los efectos que lo mismo ejerce sobre su vida y relacionamientos. Las informaciones presentadas en este estudio fueron colectadas a través de entrevista individual, desarrollada con base en un guión semi estructurado, organizado en dos momentos: una conversación acerca del recibimiento del diagnóstico de VIH/sida; y una conversación más específica sobre la configuración da red social significativa, después el diagnóstico, teniendo como disparador la construcción de un "mapa de red". Esta entrevista fue audio-grabada y transcrita en la íntegra, y su análisis fue desarrollado con base en el método de estudio de caso, teniendo como fundamentación las contribuciones del movimiento construccionista social. Nuestro análisis ilustra como el entrelazamiento entre el contexto de vulnerabilidad, el impacto del diagnóstico y los discursos alrededor del VIH/sida marcan la vida de una mujer seropositiva, influenciando en la construcción de su red social. Discutimos, así, la importancia de que el trabajo en salud incluya una sensibilidad relacional, con énfasis en la comprensión de la persona en red y en contexto. De ese modo, esperamos contribuir con prácticas de cuidado en salud dirigidos a reducir el impacto del diagnóstico en la vida y en los relacionamientos de las mujeres seropositivas (FAPESP).


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Social Networking , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , HIV Seropositivity/psychology , Women's Health
11.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 65(1): 36-45, ene.-abr. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-665676

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el herpes zoster es consecuencia de la reactivación del virus de la varicela zoster en el ganglio de los nervios sensitivos, generalmente asociada a la depresión del sistema inmunológico, como en el sida. Objetivo: determinar la positividad para el VIH en pacientes afectados por herpes zoster. Métodos: se realiza un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal en el que se incluyeron todos los pacientes de los 2 sexos de 15 años o más, que asistieron al servicio de urgencias del centro hospitalario regional de Mouila, Gabón, con lesiones características de herpes zoster. Resultados: el 74,13 porciento de los pacientes con herpes zoster presentó positividad para el VIH, predominó el sexo masculino y la edad media fue de 29,9 años. El dolor constituyó el síntoma inicial en el mayor porcentaje de los casos y la localización torácica la más frecuente. La localización en varios dermatomas estuvo presente en 16,27 porciento. La neuralgia pre-herpética tuvo un promedio de 3,209 días, variando en dependencia del dermatoma afectado; el craneal fue el de menor duración. La complicación más frecuente resultó la neuritis pos-zosteriana. Predominó el VIH tipo 1, los LTCD4+ estuvieron entre 200 y 499 células/mm³. La respuesta al tratamiento fue inadecuada en pacientes donde se asociaron los dos tipos de VIH y la cuenta de LTCD4+ estuvo por debajo de 500 células/mm³. Conclusiones: la ocurrencia de herpes zoster en personas jóvenes residentes en áreas de alta incidencia de VIH/sida, puede ser un indicador clínico de seropositividad y una de sus manifestaciones


Introduction: herpes zoster results from the viral reactivation of the zoster´s varicella in the ganglion of the sensitive nerves, and is regularly associated to depression of the immunological system as is in the case of AIDS. Objective: to determine positivity for HIV in patients with Herpes Zoster. Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, which included all the 15 years-old or over patients of both sexes who went to the emergency service of the regional hospital in Mouila, Gabon and who presented characteristic herpes zoster lesions, was conducted. Results: in the studied patients, 74.13 percent with herpes zoster were HIV-positive, males prevailed and the average age was 29.9 years old. In the majority of the cases, pain was the initial symptom and the more frequent location was the thorax. The location of several dermatomes was found in 16.27 percent of the patients. Pre herpetic neuralgia averaged 3,209 days depending on the type of affected dermatome, being the cranial one the shortest. The most frequent complication was the post-zoster neuritis. Type I HIV was predominant; the LTCD4+ values ranged 200 to 499 cell/mm³. The treatment response was inadequate in patients with two types of HIV and the LTCD4+ count was below 500 cell/mm³. Conclusions: the presence of herpes zoster in young persons living in high AIDS/HIV incidence areas could be both a good clinic indicator of seropositivity and one of the disease manifestations


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , HIV , Herpes Zoster/complications , Herpes Zoster/epidemiology , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Observational Studies as Topic
12.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-159929

ABSTRACT

Aims: The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of TB, HIV, and TB- HIV co-infection in 618 patients who attended the health institute for TB diagnosis and treatment at a rural tertiary care hospital in Punjab. Methods: Pulmonary T.B was diagnosed by sputum smear microscopy, culture and extra-pulmonary TB was diagnosed by X-ray, CT and other methods.HIV diagnosis was made by testing the sera by 3E/R/S (ELISA/RAPID/SIMPLE) tests as per NACO guidelines. Results: Of the total 618 patients, 74(12%) were patients of pulmonary TB, out of whom 72 were diagnosed by Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) staining and two were diagnosed by culture as the ZN stained smear was negative, 169(27.3%) were cases of extra-pulmonary TB. Three out of 618 were HIV positive. 1.23% were TB- HIV co-infected. Conclusion: The risk of developing TB increases in patients with HIV. So, HIV and TB programmes should be collaborated together and should be closely integrated with medical care to curb the spread of these deadly diseases.


Subject(s)
Coinfection , HIV , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Seropositivity/complications , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology , Humans , India/epidemiology , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Rural Population , Sputum/microbiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology
13.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-159920

ABSTRACT

Background: Co-infection with tuberculosis adversely affects the quality of life of HIV infected individuals and additionally, HIV testing among TB patients gives an opportunity for prevention and treatment of HIV infection. TB-HIV coordination activities are therefore a good public health intervention. Methods: It was a three-year Public Private Partnership Project, implemented in four districts of Maharashtra, to improve access to public health facilities through community awareness and motivating referrals. Outreach workers were engaged to motivate patients attending Integrated Counselling and Testing Centres (ICTCs) and Designated Microscopy Centres (DMCs) for cross referrals and adherence to services. Community leaders and private health providers were sensitized to issues around TB and HIV/AIDS. Observations: 357 outreach workers referred 17,200 individuals for HIV testing and 32,549 TB suspects were referred for testing. An average of 18% TB cases (13% to 26%) and 7% (4% to 13%) HIV infected cases were identified. Involvement of PLHA and cured TB patients can better motivate symptomatics to avail of diagnostic services. Erratic funding affects smooth implementation of programmes. Conclusion: Public Private Partnerships improve access to care. Constant dialogue between all stake holders is essential for successful implementation of such partnerships.


Subject(s)
Coinfection , Community Health Services/methods , Female , HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Seropositivity/complications , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology , Health Education/methods , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Mass Screening/methods , Prevalence , Public-Private Sector Partnerships , Referral and Consultation , Retrospective Studies , Tuberculosis/complications , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/epidemiology
14.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-831555

ABSTRACT

Os serviços de saúde, compostos por equipes multiprofissionais, desenvolvem um importante papel de reduzir a vulnerabilidade do portador de HIV/AIDS. Isto é, mais do que diagnosticar e medicar seus pacientes torna-se preciso ter um cuidado quanto às ações não justificáveis de revelação do diagnóstico do paciente para terceiros. Essa preocupação é relevante na medida em que diferentes aspectos éticos, morais, legais e sociais estão associados a essa notícia. O reconhecimento do envolvimento desses múltiplos fatores auxilia a equipe multiprofissional a ponderar determinadas práticas e posições frente aos problemas éticos gerados pelas questões de revelação diagnóstica (AU)


Health services, comprising multidisciplinary teams, develop an important role in reducing individuals' vulnerability with HIV / AIDS diagnosis. More than just diagnose and medicate patients, it becomes necessary to pay attention to disclosure actions that are not justifiable, revealing the patient's diagnosis to third parties. This concern is relevant in so far as many ethical, moral, legal and social aspects are associated with such news. The acknowledgment of these multiple factors involvement supports the multidisciplinary team to consider some practices and adopt positions facing ethical problems raised by diagnostic disclosure issues (AU)


Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Truth Disclosure/ethics , Attitude of Health Personnel , Professional Practice/ethics , Professional Practice/legislation & jurisprudence
15.
S. Afr. fam. pract. (2004, Online) ; 55(2): 196-200, 2013.
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1270024

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To determine the knowledge and use of contraceptives by HIV-positive women attending an ART clinic. Design: Observational descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting and subjects: Many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive South African women fall pregnant each year while receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). In 2010; 2 056 women of childbearing age attended the ART clinic at a district hospital south of Durban. Between October 2010 and June 2011; data were collected using a validated questionnaire from 400 women on their contraceptive knowledge and use. Women over 18 years of age who consented to participate; and who had been receiving ART for more than a month; were eligible for participation in the study. Outcome measures: Contraceptive knowledge and use. Results: All participants had received counselling on male condom use. The majority of HIV-positive women receiving ART preferred the male condom as their contraception of choice. Knowledge of male condoms was excellent; but only 66 of the study group used condoms; and just over 50 used a dual method of contraception (male condoms plus another contraceptive method). While 97 of participants were knowledgeable about injectable contraception; only 40 used the latter as a form of contraception. Ninety-two per cent of the participants reported recent sexual activity; 14 had fallen pregnant while receiving ART; and 64 planned on having a child in the future. Conclusion: The low use of dual contraception was a cause for concern. Recommendations include the integration of family planning services into HIV care at all ART sites. This should promote proper fertility management for women receiving ART


Subject(s)
Anti-Retroviral Agents , Attitude , Contraception , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Hospitals , Women
16.
Annals of Laboratory Medicine ; : 420-425, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-118366

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of HIV infection reduces morbidity and mortality. Fourth-generation HIV detection assays are more sensitive because they can detect p24 antigen as well as anti-HIV antibodies. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a new fourth-generation ADVIA Centaur HIV antigen/antibody combo (CHIV) assay (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., USA) for early detection of HIV infection and reduction of false positive rate. METHODS: Four seroconversion panels were included. The third-generation ADVIA Centaur HIV 1/O/2 enhanced (EHIV) assay (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., USA) and fourth-generation CHIV assay were used to test each panel for HIV infection. The presence of antigen was confirmed using HIV p24 antigen assay. To evaluate false-positivity and specificity, 54 HIV false-positive and HIV-negative serum samples from 100 hospitalized patients and 600 healthy subjects were included. RESULTS: Compared to the EHIV assay, the CHIV assay had a shorter window for three of the seroconversion panels: a difference of 10 days and two bleeds in one panel, and 4 days and one bleed in the other two panels. Only 34 of the 54 (63%) samples known to yield false-positive results by EHIV assay had repeatedly yielded reactive results in the CHIV assay. One of the 600 healthy subjects had a false-positive result with the CHIV assay; thus, the specificity was 99.85% (699/700). CHIV accurately determined the reactive results for the HIV-confirmed serum samples from known HIV patients and Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) panels. CONCLUSIONS: The new fourth-generation ADVIA Centaur HIV assay is a sensitive and specific assay that shortens the serological window period and allows early diagnosis of HIV infection.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Pregnancy , False Positive Reactions , HIV Antibodies/blood , HIV Core Protein p24/blood , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Republic of Korea , Sensitivity and Specificity , Time Factors
17.
Rev. Col. Méd. Cir. Guatem ; Suppl(4): 5-12, ene.-jun. 2012. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-835555

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir las complicaciones obstétricas más frecuentes y la tasa de transmisión vertical en los recién nacidos de embarazos de las mujeres VIH positivas que se atienden en la Clínica de Enfermedades infecciosas del Hospital Roosevelt. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estrudio retrospectivo, observacional, transversal, en el cual se revisó la base de datos de casos obstétricos y pediátricos que se atendieron regularmente desde el año 2003 de la Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas del Hospital Roosevelt...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , HIV Seropositivity/complications , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control
18.
Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enferm ; 16(1): 49-56, mar. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-614676

ABSTRACT

O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a visão que a equipe de enfermagem tem sobre o cuidado à puérpera soropositiva e a implementação das ações de prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV no alojamento conjunto. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa. Foi realizada em uma maternidade no município de Nova Iguaçu/Rio de Janeiro. Como recurso técnico-metodológico utilizou-se o discurso do sujeito coletivo. Após a análise dos discursos verificamos que a equipe de enfermagem não tem uma abordagem adequada à puérpera soropositiva. A implementação das ações desenvolvidas no alojamento conjunto para a prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV não foi reconhecida pelos sujeitos do estudo. Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de melhor qualificação da equipe de enfermagem que presta assistência no alojamento conjunto, com relação à assistência à puérpera com HIV, em particular sobre as ações de prevenção da transmissão vertical do HIV.


The study aims to analyze the vision that the nursing team has on the care to HIV -positive postpartum women and implementation of prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in the rooms. It is a qualitative research approach. It was conducted in a maternity in the municipality of Nova Iguaçu / Rio de Janeiro. The collective subject discourse was used as a technical and methodological resource. After analyzing the speeches we see that the nursing staff does not have a proper approach to the postpartum seropositive. The implementation of actions developed in multiple patient rooms for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV was not recognized by the study subjects. We conclude that there is a need for the nursing staff assisting in the multiple patient rooms to have better qualification regarding the assistance to mothers with HIV, in particular on the vertical transmission of HIV prevention actions.


El estudio pretende analizar la visión que tiene el equipo de enfermería sobre la atención a las mujeres VIH-positivas después del parto y la aplicación de la prevención de la transmisión vertical del VIH en el alojamiento conjunto. Se trata de un enfoque de investigación cualitativa. Se llevó a cabo en una maternidad en el municipio de Nova Iguaçu / Rio de Janeiro. El discurso del sujeto colectivo fue utilizado como un recurso técnico y metodológico. Después de analizar los discursos, vemos que el equipo del oficio de enfermería no tiene un enfoque adecuado de las madres con VIH. La aplicación de las acciones desarrolladas en el alojamiento conjunto para la prevención de la transmisión vertical del VIH no fue reconocido por los sujetos del estudio. Se concluyó que hay una necesidad de ayudar el equipo del oficio de enfermería en la asistencia a varios alojamientos conjuntos a tener una mejor calificación con respecto a la asistencia a las madres con VIH, en particular en las acciones de prevención de la transmisión vertical del VIH.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Rooming-in Care , Nursing, Team , Postpartum Period , Women's Health , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis
19.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 28(1): 37-48, ene.-mar. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF, CUMED | ID: lil-644725

ABSTRACT

Estudo de campo, realizado em ambulatório de DST/HIV/aids de hospital de doenças infecciosas de Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. Objetivou-se conhecer aspectos sexuais e perspectivas reprodutivas de mulheres com HIV/aids e verificar o que mudou com a soropositividade. Os dados foram coletados com 64 mulheres, por meio de entrevista e observação, de janeiro a março de 2008. Das mulheres, 47 (73,4 porcento) se relacionavam com parceiro fixo; 32 (68,0 porcento afirmaram usar o preservativo "sempre", porém apenas 11 (17,2 porcento) demonstraram a colocação correta. Desejo pela maternidade foi referido por 45 (70,3 porcento) das participantes. A partir da soropositividade, 12 (28,5 porcento) mulheres tiveram redução e/ou ausência da libido e restrições nas modalidades das práticas sexuais, 10 (23,8 porcento) tornaram-se comedidas em relação a novos parceiros, 9 (21,4 porcento) apresentaram medo da reação das pessoas ao diagnóstico, 5 (11,9 porcento) passaram a usar preservativo e 4 (9,51 porcento) apresentaram medo de engravidar(AU)


This field study was carried out in the STD/HIV/AIDS outpatient department of infectious diseases hospital in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. It was aimed to know sexual aspects and reproductive perspectives of women with HIV/aids and to verify the changes occurred with seropositivity. The data were collected from 64 women, through interview and observation, from January to March 2008. From these women, 47 (73,4 percent) had a fixed partner; 32 (68,0 percent) stated they had always used 'condom'; however only 11 (17,2 percent) demonstrated the correct placing. Desire for maternity was referred by 45 (70,3 percent) participants. After finding the seropositivy, 12 (28,5 percent) women had reduction and/or absence of libido and restrictions in the forms of sexual practices, 10 (23,8 percent) became refrained from having new sexual partners, 9 (21,4 percent) feared people's reaction to the diagnosis, 5 (11,9 percent) started to use condom and 4 (9,51 percent) developed fear of getting pregnan(AU)


Estudio de campo, realizado por el departamento de ETS/VIH/Sida de hospital de enfermedades infecciosas de Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. Tuvo como objetivos conocer aspectos sexuales y perspectivas reproductivas de mujeres con VIH/Sida y verificar qué cambió con la seropositividad. Los datos fueron recogidos en 64 mujeres mediante entrevista y observación, de enero a marzo de 2008. De las mujeres, 47 (73,4 por ciento) estaban relacionadas con pareja estable; 32 (68,0 por ciento) afirmaron utilizar el condon "siempre", sin embargo solamente 11 (17,2 por ciento) demostraron la colocación correcta. El deseo para la maternidad fue referido por 45 (70,3 por ciento) de las participantes. Después de la seropositividad, 12 (28,5 por ciento) de las mujeres ha disminuido o presentado ausencia de libido y restricciones en las formas de prácticas sexuales; 10 (23,8 por ciento) se refrenó en lo referente a las nuevas parejas, 9 (21,4 por ciento) temió la reacción de la gente al diagnóstico, 5 (11,9 por ciento) comenzó a utilizar condones y 4 (9,51 por ciento) tenían miedo al embarazo(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Reproductive Health , Data Collection/methods , Interview
20.
Journal of Infection and Public Health. 2012; 5 (1): 63-66
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-118162

ABSTRACT

Because of the overlapping global incidence of tuberculosis [TB] and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infections, collaborative efforts are required for successful TB and HIV control programs. The current study was conducted at Kassala Hospital in Eastern Sudan and investigated the implementation of provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling [PITC] for patients infected with TB. Using a cross-sectional study design, patients who had been recently diagnosed with TB between January and December 2010 were consecutively enrolled. A total of 858 newly infected TB patients were enrolled in the study. Of these patients, 152 patients [17.7%] were given counseling, and 109 patients [12.7%] underwent HIV testing. The overall HIV infection rate among those tested was 18.3%. From a multivariate analysis, female sex [OR =17.0, 95% Cl = 8.7-33.1; P< 0.001], education level below secondary education [OR = 2.6, 95% Cl = 1.6-4.1; P< 0.001], rural residency [OR = 1.7, 95% Cl = 1.3-2.9; P = 0.001], and non-governmental employee status [OR=10.4, 95% Cl = 6.7-16.3; P<0.001] were each associated with lower rates of PITC. Thus, in this setting, the frequency of PITC is low among TB-infected patients and is especially low for females, those of low educational status, and non-governmental employees. 2011 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Adult , Adolescent , Young Adult , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections , Tuberculosis/complications , Counseling , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Cross-Sectional Studies , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Mass Screening
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